Punjabi Numbers 1 to 100 in English

 

Oye! You know how in every language, numbers are the first thing we learn, right? In Punjabi also, learning numbers is like the first step. From one to hundred, all numbers have their own style and rhythm. If you're learning Punjabi, knowing the numbers will help you in daily life – whether it’s counting the chapatis, tracking the number of people at the langar, or just impressing someone with your counting skills.

Here, I am giving you the numbers from 1 to 100 in both Punjabi and English, so you can easily learn and show off your knowledge. Chalo ji, let's begin the counting journey in pure Punjabi style!

Punjabi Numbers from 1 to 100

1	ਇੱਕ	Ikk
2	ਦੋ	Do
3	ਤਿੰਨ	Tinn
4	ਚਾਰ	Chaar
5	ਪੰਜ	Panj
6	ਛੇ	Chhe
7	ਸੱਤ	Satt
8	ਅੱਠ	Ath
9	ਨੌਂ	Nao
10	ਦੱਸ	Das
11	ਗਿਆਰਾਂ	Giaraan
12	ਬਾਰਾਂ	Baaran
13	ਤੇਰਾਂ	Teran
14	ਚੌਦਾਂ	Chaudan
15	ਪੰਦਰਾਂ	Pandran
16	ਸੋਲਾਂ	Solan
17	ਸਤਾਰਾਂ	Sataran
18	ਅਠਾਰਾਂ	Athaaran
19	ਉੱਨੀ	Uni
20	ਵੀਹ	Veeh
21	ਇੱਕੀ	Ikki
22	ਬਾਈ	Baayi
23	ਤਾਈ	Taayi
24	ਚੌਵੀ	Chovi
25	ਪੱਚੀ	Pachi
26	ਛੱਬੀ	Chhabi
27	ਸੱਤੀ	Satti
28	ਅਠੱਤੀ	Athatti
29	ਉਣੱਤੀ	Unatti
30	ਤੀਹ	Teeh
31	ਇਕੱਤੀ	Ikatti
32	ਬੱਤੀ	Batti
33	ਤੈਂਤੀ	Tainti
34	ਚੌਂਤੀ	Chonti
35	ਪੈਂਤੀ	Penti
36	ਛੱਤੀ	Chhatti
37	ਸੰਤੀ	Santi
38	ਅਠੰਤੀ	Athanti
39	ਉਨਤਾਲੀ	Unntali
40	ਚਾਲੀ	Chaali
41	ਇਕਤਾਲੀ	Iktali
42	ਬਿਆਲੀ	Byali
43	ਤਿਰਤਾਲੀ	Tiratali
44	ਚੁਤਾਲੀ	Chutali
45	ਪੰਤਾਲੀ	Pantali
46	ਛਿਆਲੀ	Chiyali
47	ਸੰਤਾਲੀ	Sattali
48	ਅਠਤਾਲੀ	Athtali
49	ਉਨੰਜਾ	Unanja
50	ਪੰਜਾਹ	Panjaah
51	ਇਕਵੰਜਾ	Ikvanja
52	ਬਵੰਜਾ	Bavanja
53	ਤ੍ਰੇਵੰਜਾ	Trevanja
54	ਚਉਵੰਜਾ	Chauvanja
55	ਪਚਵੰਜਾ	Pachvanja
56	ਛਪੰਜਾ	Chhapanja
57	ਸਤਵੰਜਾ	Satvanja
58	ਅਠਵੰਜਾ	Athvanja
59	ਉਣਾਹਠ	Unathat
60	ਸੱਠ	Saṭṭh
61	ਇਕਾਹਠ	Ikahat
62	ਬਾਠ	Baath
63	ਤ੍ਰੇਹਠ	Trehat
64	ਚੌਹਠ	Chauhat
65	ਪੈਂਹਠ	Painhat
66	ਛਿਆਹਠ	Chiahat
67	ਸਤਾਹਠ	Satahath
68	ਅਠਾਹਠ	Athahat
69	ਉਣਾਨੱਵੈ	Unannvai
70	ਸੱਤਰ	Sattar
71	ਇਕਹੱਤਰ	Ikhattar
72	ਬਹੱਤਰ	Bahattar
73	ਤਿਹੱਤਰ	Tihattar
74	ਚੌਹੱਤਰ	Chauhattar
75	ਪਹੱਤਰ	Pahattar
76	ਛਿਹੱਤਰ	Chihattar
77	ਸਤਹੱਤਰ	Sathattar
78	ਅਠਹੱਤਰ	Athhattar
79	ਉਣਾਸੀ	Unnasi
80	ਅੱਸੀ	Assi
81	ਇਕਿਆਸੀ	Ikiasi
82	ਬਿਆਸੀ	Byasi
83	ਤਿਰਾਸੀ	Tirasii
84	ਚੌਰਾਸੀ	Chaurasi
85	ਪਚਾਸੀ	Pachasi
86	ਛਿਆਸੀ	Chhiyasi
87	ਸਤਾਸੀ	Sattasi
88	ਅਠਾਸੀ	Athasi
89	ਉਨਾਨਵੇ	Unannave
90	ਨੱਬੇ	Nabbe
91	ਇਕਾਨਵੇ	Ikanwe
92	ਬਾਨਵੇ	Banwe
93	ਤਿਰਾਨਵੇ	Tiranwe
94	ਚੁਰਾਨਵੇ	Churannve
95	ਪੰਜਾਨਵੇ	Panjanwe
96	ਛਿਆਨਵੇ	Chhianwe
97	ਸਤਾਨਵੇ	Sataanwe
98	ਅਠਾਨਵੇ	Athaanwe
99	ਨੜੱਸੀ	Narasi
100	ਸੌ	Sau

Bas ji! Now you have the full list of numbers from 1 to 100 in Punjabi. See how easy it is once you get into the rhythm? Practice these regularly, and soon you’ll be a pro in counting in Punjabi. Whether you're haggling at the market or chatting with relatives, these numbers will definitely come in handy. Keep practicing, and tusi zindagi ch kade vi ginti ch confuse nai honge!

Trust Me, I'm Punjabi.: Indian Pakistani Punjabi Writing Journal Notebook Diary For Men, Women and Kids. 150 pages (Desi Punjabi Gifts)

 

Cheap Tickets to India from the UK

 

A Detailed Guide on Buying Cheap Tickets to India from the UK

Flights between the UK and India are in high demand, due to strong historical, cultural, and economic ties between the two nations. Travelers frequently seek ways to secure cheap flight tickets, as direct flights can be expensive, and fluctuating prices can add an element of uncertainty to budgeting. This guide provides a detailed analysis of how to find cheap flight tickets from the UK to India, covering various techniques, tools, and real-life examples. 

Understand Seasonality and Peak Times

High and Low Seasons

Understanding the seasonality of flight prices is essential to finding the best deals.

·         Peak Season:- The most expensive times to fly to India from the UK are during school holidays, such as Christmas, Easter, and the summer months (July-August). Additionally, Diwali (October-November) and New Year are significant cultural holidays in India that result in high ticket demand.

·         Low Season:- Typically, flights to India are cheapest during February-March and September-October. These months tend to be outside of major holiday periods, and fewer tourists are traveling to India.

Let’s say you want to fly to Delhi. In July, you might find that a round trip from London to Delhi is priced at £600. But, if you wait until late September, the same route might cost you only £350.

 Flexible Dates

Being flexible with your travel dates can help you take advantage of cheaper flights. Use tools like Google Flights, Skyscanner, or Kayak to compare prices across different dates. If your schedule allows, you can fly on weekdays, as weekend flights tend to be more expensive.

Using Google Flights, a London-to-Mumbai round trip for a specific date in mid-November might be £500. However, by adjusting the departure and return dates to a weekday in late November, the price could drop to £420. 

Choosing Airports

Departure Airport in the UK

Most flights from the UK to India operate from major airports like London Heathrow (LHR), London Gatwick (LGW), Manchester (MAN), and Birmingham (BHX). Heathrow is the busiest and often offers the most flight options, but that doesn't always mean it has the cheapest fares.

• Regional Airports: If you live in or near cities like Edinburgh, Glasgow, or Bristol, check if they have cheaper international flights. Sometimes, low-cost airlines fly from regional airports at lower fares, or there may be less congestion.

A flight from London Heathrow to Delhi might cost £500, but a flight from Manchester to Delhi on the same date could be at least £450. Although Manchester is farther for some UK travellers the price difference could make it worth the extra travel time.

Destination Airport in India

India has several international airports, including in Delhi (DEL), Mumbai (BOM), Bangalore (BLR), Chennai (MAA), and Kolkata (CCU).

• Consider flying into a less busy airport. For example, if your destination is near North India, flying into Jaipur (JAI) or Amritsar (ATQ) might be cheaper than flying into Delhi.

If you are heading to Rajasthan, a round trip from London to Delhi might cost £450, but a flight to Jaipur could cost £400.

Use of Budget Airlines and Connecting Flights

Direct vs. Connecting Flights

Direct flights between the UK and India are often more convenient, but they are also more expensive. Airlines such as British Airways, Virgin Atlantic, and Air India offer direct flights, but the cost may be higher than a connecting flight.

Connecting flights, on the other hand, can often save you significant money. Airlines like Qatar Airways, Emirates and also Etihad offer layovers in the Middle East, allowing for cheaper options. Budget airlines such as Flydubai and IndiGo can also provide excellent alternatives for connecting flights.

A direct flight from London Heathrow to Mumbai might cost £550, while a flight with a 2-hour layover in Dubai on Emirates could be as low as £400.

Book with Budget Airlines

Budget airlines operating between the UK and India, or offering connecting flights through Middle Eastern hubs, can reduce costs significantly.

IndiGo is a low-cost carrier, it often provides domestic flights between India’s major cities. Instead of booking a direct international flight to a smaller Indian city, you could fly into a major hub like Mumbai and then take a budget flight to a smaller destination.

When to Book?

Advance Booking

Booking early (at least 3 to 6 months in advance) often leads to lower fares. However, in some cases, airlines offer last-minute deals, especially during off-peak seasons.

• Sweet Spot: For long-haul flights like the UK to India, aim to book around 6 to 8 weeks before your departure.

In September, booking a flight for Christmas (December 20th) might cost around £600. But, if you book in May, the same flight could be available for £450.

Last-Minute Deals

If you are flexible, last-minute deals can be a fantastic way to find cheap tickets, especially during the low season. Websites like Lastminute.com, Momondo, and even airline websites sometimes offer flash sales.

Using Tools and Platforms to Find Deals

Flight Comparison Websites

Platforms like Skyscanner, Google Flights and Momondo allow you to compare prices across multiple airlines and travel dates, helping you spot the best deals.

• Google Flights:- Google’s tool is great for visualizing prices on a calendar view, enabling you to easily spot the cheapest days to fly.
• Skyscanner:- This platform is excellent for searching across various airlines, including budget carriers, and setting up price alerts.

Setting Up Price Alerts

Tools like Kayak and Skyscanner allow you to set up alerts for price drops. This way you get notified whenever there’s a deal on the flight route you are interested in.

Set an alert on Google Flights for a trip from London to Delhi in February. Over time, you’ll receive notifications if prices drop, allowing you to strike when the fare reaches its lowest point.

Travel Hacking and Rewards Programs

If you're a frequent traveler, signing up for airline rewards programs or travel credit cards can help you accumulate points that can be redeemed for cheaper flights. British Airways Avios points or Virgin Atlantic Flying Club miles are particularly useful for travellers flying between the UK and India.

Using Avios points, you might find a reward flight from London to Bangalore for just the cost of taxes and fees (around £150), instead of paying £400 or more.

Consider Alternative Booking Methods

Third-Party Travel Agencies

While booking directly with airlines is a safe and reliable option, third-party travel agencies such as Opodo, Expedia and Kiwi.com often have promotions and exclusive deals. However, be cautious about hidden fees and ensure you are aware of their cancellation policies.

Multi City Tickets

If you’re planning to visit multiple destinations in India, booking a multi-city ticket can sometimes be more cost-effective than separate one-way flights.

If you plan to visit both Delhi and Bangalore, a multi-city ticket from London to Delhi, and then from Bangalore to London might cost you £550. But booking two separate one-way flights could cost £700 in total.

Take Advantage of Stopovers

Some airlines offer free stopover programs in cities like Doha (Qatar Airways) or Dubai (Emirates). You can take a short vacation in these destinations while saving money on your overall flight costs.

A London-Delhi flight with a 1-day layover in Dubai on Emirates could cost £500. A similar direct flight might be £600. Additionally, you get to explore Dubai at no extra flight cost.

Use Credit Cards and Special Offers

Travel-focused credit cards that offer cashback or miles can provide discounts and benefits like lounge access and travel insurance, helping you save on both the ticket and the overall cost of the trip.

The American Express Preferred Rewards Gold Card offers Avios points for every pound spent, which can be redeemed for flight discounts or free tickets. 

Finally be in the look out

Buying cheap tickets to India from the UK to India needs a strategic approach involving many factors such as timing, flexibility, choice of airports and careful use of flight comparison tools. By understanding seasonality, being flexible with dates and airports and leveraging deals from connecting flights, budget airlines, and travel rewards, you can significantly reduce your travel costs. Whatever you do plan ahead and stay updated on airline promotions to maximise your savings.

 

Brahmagupta

Brahmagupta: The Luminary of Ancient Indian Mathematics

In the rich and ancient heritage of Indian mathematics, one name stands out with unparalleled brilliance-Brahmagupta (ब्रह्मगुप्त). Born in 598 CE in the region of Bhillamala, presently known as Bhinmal in the state of Rajasthan, Brahmagupta was a prominent Indian mathematician and astronomer who left an indelible mark on the world of mathematics with his groundbreaking contributions. His work spanned the realms of algebra, arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy, and his innovations played a pivotal role in shaping the course of mathematical thought not only in India but across the globe.

Early Life and Historical context

The historical backdrop of Brahmagupta’s era is significant for understanding the intellectual environment in which he flourished. India, during the 6th and 7th centuries CE, was experiencing a period of profound philosophical, mathematical, and astronomical growth, and the Gupta Empire’s legacy of learning still permeated the scholarly atmosphere. This was an age where the Indian subcontinent was known for its scholars, who were making remarkable contributions to science, literature, and philosophy.

Brahmagupta was born into a family of scholars and astronomers, and it is believed that he was educated in the prestigious school of Ujjain, a renowned center for astronomical and mathematical studies. His deep interest in astronomy, combined with his mathematical acumen, led him to write several treatises, which have since become some of the most influential works in the history of mathematics.

The life of Brahmagupta

Little is known about Brahmagupta's personal life, but his intellectual legacy is meticulously preserved through his works. Brahmagupta was appointed the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, a highly respected position that reflected his mastery over the subject. His tenure at Ujjain allowed him to interact with other scholars of the time and to debate and refine astronomical theories.

Brahmagupta’s contributions to mathematics were so profound that his name became synonymous with innovation in ancient Indian science. Despite being an astronomer by training, it was in mathematics that Brahmagupta made his most lasting contributions, especially in the fields of algebra and number theory.

Brahmagupta’s works

Brahmagupta's most important works are his treatises, the "Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta" (ब्राह्मस्फुटसिद्धान्त), written in 628 CE, and the "Khaṇḍakhādyaka" (खंडखाद्यक) which deals with astronomical calculations. Of these, the "Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta" is particularly noteworthy, as it represents one of the earliest systematic treatises on mathematics.

The Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta is divided into 25 chapters and covers a wide array of topics including planetary motions, eclipses, rising and setting of celestial objects, and more. However, it is in the chapter called "Cyclic Quadrilaterals" that Brahmagupta’s genius in mathematics is evident.

In this text Brahmagupta provided a comprehensive treatment of geometry, arithmetic, algebra, and astronomy. This work was composed in Sanskrit verse, adhering to the traditional form of Indian scholarly writing. Here is an example of a verse from the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta:

परिधिः स्वार्क्षशृङ्गघ्नः स्याच्छैगौ च गतोऽवपातात्।
युज्यते क्रियया कार्यं ग्रहणं क्षेत्रकोणस्य।

Translation:
"The circumference of a circle is proportional to the square root of the sum of the squares of the diameters. With proper reasoning, the methods for calculating eclipses and planetary conjunctions are revealed."

This treatise remains an enduring testament to Brahmagupta's vast knowledge and insight into the cosmos.

Brahmaguptas Contributions to Mathematics

Brahmagupta is credited with introducing several key concepts that have become fundamental to mathematics. Among his many contributions, the following stand out:

1. Zero as a Number: Brahmagupta is perhaps most famous for establishing the rules for arithmetic operations involving zero. His work laid the foundation for the concept of zero as not only a placeholder but also as a number with its own properties. His articulation of operations with zero can be found in the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta:

शून्यं शून्येन घटितं शून्यम्, व्यस्तं शून्येन, निश्चयेन शून्यम्।
(Zero multiplied by zero is zero; divided by zero remains undefined.)

This was a revolutionary step in the development of algebra, influencing both Indian and later Arabic and European mathematicians.

2. Positive and Negative Numbers: Brahmagupta was the first to formalize the rules for dealing with positive and negative numbers in mathematical operations. He differentiated between the concepts of debt (negative numbers) and property (positive numbers) and provided rules for their arithmetic, such as:
• Positive × Positive = Positive
• Positive × Negative = Negative
• Negative × Negative = Positive
3. Solution of Quadratic Equations: Brahmagupta also formulated rules for solving quadratic equations, recognizing both positive and negative roots. His equation-solving techniques were highly advanced for the time, showing a deep understanding of algebraic principles.
4. Cyclic Quadrilaterals and Brahmagupta’s Formula: Brahmagupta made groundbreaking contributions to geometry, particularly in the study of cyclic quadrilaterals (a four-sided figure where all corners lie on a single circle). He provided the famous Brahmagupta’s Formula for calculating the area of a cyclic quadrilateral:

Area=(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)(s−d)\text{Area} = \sqrt{(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)(s-d)}Area=(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)(s−d)​

Where sss is the semiperimeter of the quadrilateral, and aaa, bbb, ccc, and ddd are the lengths of its sides.

5. Astronomy and Trigonometry: As an astronomer, Brahmagupta's work laid the foundation for the calculation of planetary positions, lunar and solar eclipses, and the orbits of celestial bodies. His methods were practical and used by subsequent generations of astronomers in India and the Islamic world.

Later Influence

Brahmagupta’s works did not remain confined to India. Through translations of Sanskrit texts into Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age, his works reached scholars in the Middle East. The Algebra of Al-Khwarizmi, one of the cornerstones of modern algebra, drew heavily from Brahmagupta’s treatises. In fact, Brahmagupta's name became well-known in the Islamic world as "Brahmagupta al-Hindi."

His influence eventually reached Europe via Arabic translations, contributing to the mathematical renaissance in medieval Europe. Brahmagupta’s rules for solving quadratic equations, his treatment of zero, and his work on cyclic quadrilaterals became integral to the development of mathematics worldwide.

Brahmagupta, the mathematician-astronomer of ancient India, stands as a towering figure in the history of science. His profound contributions to mathematics, especially in algebra, geometry, and number theory, continue to influence modern thought. His genius in combining the abstract world of mathematics with practical applications in astronomy underscores his versatile intellect and vision.

Brahmagupta’s legacy is a testament to India’s rich scholarly tradition, where he remains not just a mathematician but a symbol of the intellectual brilliance of ancient Indian civilization. His works, encapsulated in Sanskrit verse, carry forward the timeless tradition of knowledge passed down through generations, making him a luminary whose light still shines brightly in the annals of mathematical history.

 

Life and Works of Aryabhata