Bhojpuri Language

The Bhojpuri language has produced excellent singers but unfortunately the music makers have done no justice to the Bhojpuri music industry. Let’s take the music from the yesterdays when Mohammad Rafi and Mannda Dey used to sing classical Bhojpuri music for Bhojpuri and Hindi film industry that was considered as folk songs. But nowadays, Bhojpuri music is considered as vulgar and very people wish to associate with it. However in recent days, there has been a sort of revival of the Bhojpuri music industry. For instanc, the popularity of Bhojpuri Nirgun and devotional songs has been on the rise thanks to the likes of singers such as Kalpana Patowary and not to mention the most famous of all Bhojpuri stars Sharda Sinha. Sharda Sinha can be considered as the true and only worthy torchbearer of a rich legacy of Bhojpuri vocals. Who can forget her excellent Chhaat puja songs like this one?

Here are some other great Bhojpuri singers including some from the Hindi music industry: 

Sharda Sinha, Manoj Tiwari, Pawan Singh, Prem Sagar, Chhotu Chaliya, Anand Mohan Pandey, Bharat Sharma Vyas, Prem Sagar, Radhe Shyam Rasiya, Rashmi Agarwal, Pawan Singh, Guddu Rangila, Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammad Rafi, Asha Bhonsle, Malini Awasthi, Ramayaga Rama, Poonam Singh, Vipul Nayak, Sonu Nigam and many more.

About Bhojpuri Language

Though India is categorized as a country, in reality it is a continent in itself. It is country with so many religions, traditions, food, cultures and languages that no place will look similar to one another. The appearance of the country keeps changing at a distance of few miles. The people start speaking all together a new dialect once you cross a boundary of a region. For a language to stand out in this milieu and create a niche of its own is no easy task, but Bhojpuri which is not even a official language of India has achieved this impossible task. Some of the great politicians, freedom fighters, leaders, actors and other famous personalities have lent their own style to this language. Apart from the national official language Hindi, Bhojpuri is one of the most widely spoken and understood local language of India.

Bhojpuri – a dialect of Hindi

Due to cultural reasons, the language is considered to be a dialect of the language Hindi. Many lovers of the language are working to give it a separate status as it will face the danger of extinction if it is not recognized and promoted in the present era where local languages are taking a back seat. The advent of internet and globalization has brought English language to the forefront and pushed other languages behind. Without proper promotion and encouragement, the language which is loved by many people may die out soon. It has already been forgotten in the country of Pakistan, where the Mujahirs spoke the dialect earlier. Today they speak only Urdu. The same fate has been seen in the countries of Guyana and Trinidad, where people are forgetting the language and not many people are able to even recognize it anymore. The activists who are working for the official status of this language hope to see that it will be included in the 8^th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Only some of the languages out of 1,652 different dialects spoken in India are known outside their own region. Bhojpuri spoken by nearly 33,099,497 according to the 2001 census is one of those languages that have been recognized, used and loved all over the country. It is estimated that nearly 200 million Indians speak the language which even if not spoken, is recognized by many more people of India, especially those who speak Hindi. The people of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand speak Bhojpuri besides it usage in countries like Nepal, Mauritius, Fiji, and Trinidad & Tobago.

Bhojpuri language is one of the important languages of the Bihar state besides Angika, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. Though it has spread to other parts of the world, the roots of the language still lay in the state of Bihar. The schools of Bihar teach the language as a compulsory subject to students up to intermediate level, though the students have a choice to study at higher levels.

Bhojpuri Literature

Unlike many languages of India which were influenced by foreign invasions, Bhojpuri is an independent language which was in use since ancient times. The rich and famous Bhojpuri literature holds testimony to this. Kabir with his touching soulful nirgun poetry brought the language to be noticed by everyone, though there had been the Siddha and Naths who had written poetry in the language earlier. The rich literature of Bhojpuri language has been enriched further with works by Rahul, Sankrityayan, Vivek Rai, Bhikhari Thakur, Teg Ali Teg, Ramdatta Shukla, Ram Garib Chaube and many more. Deviksaracarita, Badmasdarpan, Jangal me Mangal and Nagari Vilap. The folk literature of Bhojpuri language is so famous that are enjoyed by non-speakers of the language too. Among the folklores the Kijari songs and dramas of Bidesia are very popular.

Though Bhojpuri is a language of Bihar state, it has no connection with Maithili, which is another language of the state and little similarity to Magahi. It is much closer to Hindi, Braj bhakha and Awadhi languages. Though today Bhojpuri has made a mark of its own, earlier it was considered a part of Hindi language by the government.

Besides literature, Bhojpuri language has left its impression on films and television too. It is only language of Bihar that makes full length films. The language has had great impression on Bollywood too. There are many characters in the Bollywood movies that speak the dialect and are characterized in a certain way. One of the most popular characters is a simpleton with heart of gold who is stunned to corrupt ways of the city. It has nearly half a century of movie making which has seen some historical cinema being made in the language. Mahua and Hamar TV are two of the very popular TV channels of the language which are viewed by people who love the language. 

Somalia - The Horn of Africa

 

We often hear about Somalia for the wrong reasons. The nation of Somalia is always in the news for some reason or the other; most of the time it is for the misdoings of the rebels or militia against its own people. Often we get breaking news across news channels about the latest developments on Somalia such as Somali pirates hijacking an oil tanker or an international merchant ship. However, Somalia also called Horn of Africa, has an ancient past that is never mentioned. It seems that even the people of Somalia too have forgotten its own past during the terrible civil war.

Culture of Somalia

Culture of any country develops based on the accumulations left over by every group survived in the nation. Culture of Somalia is also an accumulation of neighbouring countries like Ethiopia, India, Persia and Yemen. A culture is a group entity formed by several distinct entities like language, families, clans, religion, music, food and literature. All of these together influence the culture of a nation. Every one of these entity might have been formed from any of Somalia’s neighbour. Every neighbour has influenced the culture of Somalia by contributing to one of these entities.

Religion in Somalia

The major religion in Somalia is Islam. Among the Islamic religion, several denominations and traditions are being followed like the Sunni, Sufism and Shia. It was as early as the medieval age when the Muslims came first came to Somalia. It was when Muhammad the Prophet sought refuge in Somalia; the Islamic community was established in the Horn of Africa. However, initially there were only a few people following the religion, later there were many people following Islam. Several Mosques were built across the country and hence the initiation of a great religion started.

Language of Somalia

Language is one important factor influencing the culture of people. People of Somalia speak the Somali language, which has a close relationship to that of the Afar and Oromo languages. Both of them are related to both Africa and Asia, because, Somalia has its boundary in the Indian Ocean through which it had many traders from Asia too. Therefore, Somali is a mixture of both African languages and Asian Languages. After a lot of changes and dialects, Somali was finally divided into three types;

1) The standard dialect, which is followed only by the northern regions of Somalia.

2) Change of dialect on the coastal region led to the development termed as “Benaadir”.

3) Third change of dialect in the southern region led to the development of “Maay”.

Each of these dialects interact with each other easily, the dialects are representative of the region to which they belong. Interestingly, Somali music and songs were very popular throughout the region which has been banned by the rebels this year. 

Families and Clans

Several social units and clans are involved in the politics of Somalia. Some of them are Isaaq, Dir, and Darod. Other clans also include Hawiye and Rahanweyn. People wear formal dresses like jeans and t-shirts. Somalia men wear turban on their heads. After Muslim invasion, Somalia people closely followed the Arab culture and wore the “Jellabiya”.

Such a strong culture rooted in a great nation has shown its power in the ethics and moral of people. It’s a shame to see a country rich in heritage decline into oblivion.

Babesiosis Lyme Disease

 

When most of the world is struggling to shed the phobia of mad cow disease, bird flu, monkeypox virus and Covid-19, an ancient protozoan serpent Babesiosis still wait in ambush patiently at our cattle farms, outdoor game hunting or on a polo field to poison us with venom that will take our breath away.

Babesiosis is no baby as a layman will guess it to be, in fact it’s like malaria of tropical geographies which is spread by female anopheles mosquitoes, it is spread by Ixodid ticks in the west especially in the region of Europe and America. Like all parasitic transmitted diseases Babesiosis has also a vector, carrier and a host. The vector in this case is Ixodid ticks, the carrier is our cattle and wild animals and host is humans and animals. Babesiosis is a protozoan disease which the black Ixodid ticks sucks from the cattle and accumulates in their gut and further concentrate in their salivary glands and in turn transmits the infection to humans. Most of the patients cannot even recall that when they were bit by the tick. The general targets are people living at countryside or game hunters in the forest. However the disease can further be transmitted through blood transfusion by an infected person to another person, in desperate need of blood or in many cases the disease is also transmitted by a mother to her child in her womb.

The incubation or dormant period for the disease is generally one to four weeks after which the disease starts showing its symptoms of weakness, fatigue, depression, fever, weight loss, headaches, allergic to light, stiffness of muscles, continued cough, shortness of breath, vomiting, report of abdominal pain and accompanied by dark urine.

Like Malaria Babesiosis also targets the red blood cells of our body and destroy them gradually leading to the mentioned ailments and then after they multiply by basic cell division, in order to comprehend it briefly in a layman perspective, red blood cells are transport for the oxygen to various parts in the body and constant degeneration leads to low red blood cells counts, hence low oxygen supply in the body leaving us breathless, lethargic, fatigued and with fragile immune system.

Unlike other disease Babesiosis shows a unique characteristics in its mortality rate or living ratio of infected patients and differs according to geographic boundaries of the continents for example in America only ten percent of the infected patients die the rest recover with the aid of medical care or in many cases even in the absence of it while the story in Europe is entirely different and approximately fifty percent of the patients infected die due to this disease.

Age and sex is no bar for this disease and can occur equally in male and females of all age groups. But age groups above fifty are more susceptible to this disease as their immune system has lived half of its life and portrays a feeble defence against the onslaught of Babesiosis.

Babesiosis and Lyme diseases are both tick borne diseases and sometimes people mistake them to be of similar nature where as in reality Babesiosis present a more severe infection level in humans as compared to Lyme infections and thus different levels of treatments are required for both the diseases. On the other hand patients of both diseases complain history of travel to areas like Nantucket Island in America, where ironically the disease was first discovered in the region in 1966, especially during the month of May and September.

Patients suffering from this disease are fortunate to have a cure for this disease and the regular procedure of malaria is required to be drilled once the infection is discovered. Proper medical advice and medicines like Clindamycin (lincosamide antibiotic) are safest bet for the cure.

Babesiosis is constantly spanning its wings in other countries like Japan Mexico and China apart from Europe and America and needs an immediate attention and education for the people domiciled in other countries of the world so that they are well prepared with the necessary tools to fight this slow and steady catastrophe as and when it reaches their doors.

Detection of Babesiosis

Babesiosis or piroplasmosis is a very dangerous and invasive zoonotic disease (transmitted between animals and humans) of humans and animals that is spread by ticks. Although this parasite is widely widespread, it commonly infects rodents, carnivores, and cattle. However, in recent years, their spread and cross-spread have increased significantly and has been detected in various species. The causative agent is the Babesia species.

Babesiosis in goats

Tick-borne diseases of livestock can be economically devastating therefore husbandry practices and the availability of vaccination should be made public to farmers, especially in areas of rural economies.

The infecting agent that causes Babesiosis in goats is Babesia ovis (B. ovis) common in the Middle East, Middle Europe, central Asia, Turkey, India and some parts of Africa. Although not much is known about the disease and spread among goats, it is generally observed that it spreads in acute circumstances. Information about its spread and agents spreading the disease is not fully understood. However it is known that the protozoa destroys red blood cells and causes anaemia.

Currently several anti protozoa vaccinations are available in the form of imidocarb, derived from carbanilides. Further treatment could require administration of veterinary antibiotic called “tylosin”.

Babesiosis symptoms

Most people in the US and other parts of the world infected with babesiosis usually do not experience any symptoms. However, there are symptoms that could easily be mistaken for other conditions such as fatigue, fever, malaise, jaundice, and anaemia. Many of these symptoms can last from few days to several months and usually appear one to four weeks after infection. In individuals who are asymptomatic the disease typically goes away on its own.

Panchgani-The Scenic Summer Resort

Panchgani is an illustrious hill station situated very close to another hill station Mahabaleshwar in the state of Maharashtra. The hill station which is evergreen with plush trees has very pleasant climate throughout the year, though it is difficult to access it during heavy monsoon rains. Pachgani was discovered and established by John Cesson, as a refuge for the British from the seething heat of summer heat of India. The summer resort which roughly translates as five hills derives its name from the five hills which surround it, which is host to villages in its vicinity, namely Godavli, Khingar, Taighat, Dhandegar and Amral.

Cesson fell so much in love with the place that he developed the place to meet all the needs of the British retirees by planting trees from western world, building roads and establishing a community of service men like tailors, dhobis, vendors, builders etc so that the place would be independent of  outside world. He died in Panchgani is buried in St. Peters Church.  The British have left their inedible mark on the summer resort through the numerous cottages built in typical colonial style which are strewn across the hills. There are many buildings which are created in the style of British architecture of 19^th century.

What is so special about Panchgani

Panchgani is a hill station which is thronged by tourists throughout the year though not many visits the place during the monsoon season due to heavy rains lashing the hill station. The main attraction of the place is its serene environment which is surrounded by the beautiful nature. The choice of trees from foreign land, like the Silver Oak and Poisnsettia, planted by John Cessan add their own unique and mystic aura to the place. The unpolluted and fresh air of Panchgani is known for its high content of oxygen in the atmosphere which is known to help people recover from their illnesses. This is the reason why Dr. Rustomji Bomanji Bilimoria decided to set up a sanatorium for people suffering from then incurable disease of tuberculosis, so that they could recover their health in its pleasant, cool, calm and refreshing environment.

Those people who wish to spend some time in total seclusion in the lap of Mother Nature, then Panchgani is the right place for them. The exquisite ambience of the place makes sure that the tourists will spend a memorable time in the hill station which is going to be cherished by them for a lifetime. For those seeking a luxurious holiday, Panchgani has arrangements even for that in their exclusive cottages and hotels. Relaxation comes naturally in this place as the cool soothing air brushes past bringing the mysterious scent of the wild trees, without any pollution. Though it is thronged by tourists, the place has maintained its noiseless serenity.

Tourist Attractions in Panchgani

The places of tourist attraction in Panchgani are

• The Table land – the second largest mountain plateau of Asia
• Sydney point – atop a hill giving breathtaking view of river Krishna
• Karthikeya Temple in Rajpuri caves
• Wai of seven ghats
• Parsi Point which gives enthralling view of Dhom dam
• Mapro Garden where one can purchase fresh products from the factory
• Devils Kitchen -the huge caves with mythological background

Establishment of Famous Schools

The place is also known for the high quality education it provides for students from all over the country and also from abroad. The retired Britishers who settled in Panchgani attracted others by spreading the word about the pleasantness of the place. The Kimmins School was established in 1890’s exclusively for European boys and girls. This led way to establishment of few more schools, which became renowned all over the country in a short span of time. The boarding schools of Panchgani were inspired by the English way of education and were affiliated to the famed Cambridge University. Even the question papers were prepared in England and then sent over to India by sea route. Though the exams were conducted in India, the correction was made in England.

Following the suit, Indians started their own education centers including those catering the needs of Hindu, Christian, Muslim and Parsi students. The Saint Peter’s boarding school, which was the segregated branch of the original Kimmins School was put on the international map when one of its students whose musical talent was spotted by the music teacher of the school went on to become the famous singer of band Queen – Freddie Mercury. He was known as Farrokh Bulsara back then.

How to get there

Once you are in the hill station you can easily get around by hiring taxis. There are also bicycles and horseback rides available. The best time to visit Panchgani would be between the months of September and May. Those who are travelling by airways will have to arrive in Pune which is situated at a distance of 98 km and then travel either by either road or train to Panchgani. The nearest railway station is Wathar which is at a distance of 45 km, therefore those who travel from Pune can always opt for road transport. The Maharashtra state transport runs has the buses connected to Panchgani from Mumbai, Pune, Wai, Mahabaleshwar, Mahad and many more.

Panchgani, Maharashtr

Accommodation

It is not difficult to find a place to stay suiting your requirements and budget as there are many different resorts, cottages, inns and hotels available at Panchgani for accommodation. The restaurants here have variety of vegetarian and non-vegetarian food, along with chats and other snacks which are available in the roadside shops.

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How to eat Indian food with your hands

 

Now if you are travelling to India then most likely you will use cutlery to eat in a good restaurant. But if you are in a small town or cheap restaurant like a dhaba then you will find people eating with their hands. This should not come as a surprise to you because eating with hands in India is perfectly normal. Most people will use their right hand to eat. The left hand is reserved for cleaning the back side after using thetoilet. (Here’s how Indian toilets look like if you want to know). Indian food is mostly chapatti and rice based along with curry or lentils (daal). 

Trick is to use your fingers of the right hand. If you are eating rice then drop a little of bit of curry, daal or vegetables on small portion of rice and then pick them up with your fingers as if you are scooping them up. The use of the thumb is important here. Use your 4 fingers at one end and then use the thumb to pick up the curried rice. Bring all four fingers together and curve them a bit. Then put them in your mouth. Some of the curry or lentins will certainly drip from the sides of your hand but it will get better with practice. 

If you are eating naan or chapatti then you will have to use both hands in the beginning till you perfect the technique of breaking it with one hand. Break a small piece of naan bread with your hand then scoop a small amount of curry or dip in lentils and then put in your mouth. 

With these tips you should be able to completely eat Indian food with your hands.

Aftermath 

When you are done eating your food with your hands, you will wipe your fingers with a napkin or washcloth. For extra washing, go to the sink and rinse your fingers in soap and water again. Try them with a towel. If you don’t have access to a sink and you’re eating outside, then use a natural body of water to wash your fingers off in.

How to go to sleep fast

 

One third of our lives go out in sleep and the rest while working, people who sleep late in the nights twisting their bodies from one corner of the bed to the other wished it was true. “A healthy mind resides in a healthy body”, its true and most of us believe in this saying, but the core question which arises over here, is the fact that where does the healthy body resides. The answer is simple, which is, in a good night sleep. But here another hurdle arises which is both the answer and the question, “sleep”. On an average a normal human sleep should not be less than seven hours, but quite a number of us fail to sleep fast and are astounded by this problem. Even worse people are illusioned, that they are suffering from some kind of disease like insomnia which still adds to their psychological stress leaving vacant eyes in the night. 

However one of the crucial reasons which is responsible for late sleeping habits is the stress which has become the inevitable cause of many other psychological disorders, especially when the entire human race is engulfed in the rat race of economic existence lured through technology and ambition to prove to the society and themselves in general. Following are some of the ways through which one can sleep fast. 

How to go to sleep fast

1)      Exercise:- 

I was a late sleeper myself but found that if I exercised for at least half an hour which consists of aerobics and push ups only, it was enough to wear down my stress and go to sleep fast 

2)      Drugs:- 

Drugs not necessarily heroine or smack or cocaine, but it covers caffeine found in coffee, nicotine found in cigarettes and tea also, contribute to late night sleep. Avoid drugs of any sort to get a quick sleep in the night. 

3)      Television:- 

Watching television excessively, though  is not advisable for most of us but instead of watching television in the morning make a habit of watching television in the night you will soon find yourself dozing off to sleep even sooner than before. 

4)      Music:- 

Instrumental music especially ones from saxophone and Indian classical music makes you sleep not only soon but also a comfortable sleep is experienced. Many music stores sell compact discs and DVDs with the OM mantra being repeated; believe me it helps not only in getting you to sleep soon but also flushes out stress from your body. 

5)      Stay awake:- 

Sometimes our routine is disturbed when we work late in the nights and sleep in the morning, and one fine day when the work is over our brain simply does not instructs our eyes to doze out. The key of regaining our old routine is to stay awake for a day or two in the morning hours and by the third day your body is ready to relax and sleep quickly in the night. 

6)      Reading:-

Reading is a good habit and a prudent exercise for our eyes. Reading, a novel in the night, surly helps in a quick sleep. Especially if you are tired and exhausted from your days work at the office or the site. 

7) Meditation:-

Meditation before sleep flushes out all the stress in the body which quickly relaxes as soon as the person lies on the bed.

8) Medicine:-

Medicines such as Dionil and Compose can be taken under strict medical supervision if nothing works out for you. However it is the lender of the last resort and should be your ultimate choice when all natural means have failed.